The Most Popular List of Interesting Essay Topics

The Most Popular List of Interesting Essay Topics The main purpose of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. One of the greatest methods to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. Another idea to bear in mind when selecting a paper topic is to select what you find intriguing or identify with personally. Well, the solution isn't too obvious here. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to attain in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. Persuasive essays are a really good method to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. Persuasive speech topics are among the most frequent choices. Taking into account that lots of persuasive essays concern controversial topics, before writing, you might want to sit down and think of what your opinion on the topic actually is. Always think deep ly about the way to create a great essay structure it's a significant part academic writing. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. The writer can use a wide array of evidence to produce their argument and serve as evidence. If you dig deeper, you may also discover more interesting topics and concepts, if you're likely to compose a Beowulf personality analysis essay or any other kind of essay. When having no concept of the persuasive writing interesting, you merely don't know what things to write about. Select a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make certain you know a lot about it! Even if you're supplied a precise subject, you still have some freedom since the exact problem can be analyzed in a number of various ways. Although there are lots of topics to select from, many students hesitate and have trouble picking a very good research idea. The very first step is wher e a large number of students become stuck. At the close of the day, the essay topics you pick can make a tremendous influence on your final grade. Attempt to consider what age is excellent for students to date with one another. In fact, lots of foreign students are having quite a tough time writing inadequate English. Life After List of Interesting Essay Topics When prior brainstorming is finished, you might begin drafting your essay. There are a lot of factors that have to be considered if you would like to decide on a workable and intriguing essay topic. Deciding upon the most suitable essay topic can at times be rather hard. Think of this issue of the history essay you've already written before. If you would like to write a great history essay you'd better pick a topic that's familiar to you. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. The Do's and Don'ts of List of Interesting Essay Topics An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. The multiple topics could possibly be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. It is often as large or as small as it is possible to consider! Writing a superb persuasive essay is not a simple task, however, it's achievable. A lot of history essay topics are too big for a couple pages. Ensure you give clear explanations of the things on your list also. Additionally, there are some students who get good grades on papers which don't appear to be that great at first. Whispered List of Interesting Essay Topics Secrets Hobbies improve you r individual skills. Picking a writing topic can be stressful regardless of what subject you're writing over. Selecting a persuasive topic is a real art. You don't need to puzzle over a topic. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. You might be given the topic straight away by your professor, or perhaps you be free to decide on the topic yourself. Writing the college application essay is a challenging gig. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. Interesting essay topics are believed to be subjects that students are ready to write about. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. The List of Interesting Essay Topics Game At precisely the same time, it's a wonderful persuasive essay idea. If this is the case, you could have a very good beginning to your expository essay. At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by somebody's essay or article, take a good look at it. If you're thinking about how to compose a persuasive essay, you have to know that writing an essay is a complicated course of action.

Organizational Structure - 775 Words

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Organizational structure refers to the way that an organization arranges people and jobs so that its work can be performed and its goals can be met. When a work group is very small and face-to-face communication is frequent, formal structure may be unnecessary, but in a larger organization decisions have to be made about the delegation of various tasks. Thus, procedures are established that assign responsibilities for various functions. It is these decisions that determine the organizational structure. In an organization of any size or complexity, employees responsibilities typically are defined by what they do, who they report to, and for managers, who reports to them. Over time these definitions are†¦show more content†¦For instance, why are the old, but still operational steel mills such as U.S. Steel and Bethlehem Steel structured using vertical hierarchies? Why are newer steel mini-mills such as Chaparral Steel structured more horizontally, capitalizing on the innovativeness of their employees? Part of the reason, as this section discusses, is that organizational structure has a certain inertia—the idea borrowed from physics and chemistry that something in motion tends to continue on that same path. Changing an organization s structure is a daunting managerial task, and the immensity of such a project is at least partly responsible for why organizational structures change infrequently. At the beginning of the twentieth century the United States business sector was thriving. Industry was shifting from job-shop manufacturing to mass production, and thinkers like Frederick Taylor in the United States and Henri Fayol in France studied the new systems and developed principles to determine how to structure organizations for the greatest efficiency and productivity, which in their view was very much like a machine. Even before this, German sociologist and engineer Max Weber had concluded that when societies embrace capitalism, bureaucracy is the inevitable result. Yet, because his writings were not translated into English until 1949, Weber sShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure763 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction It is essential to be conscious of your company s organizational structure because it exposes information concerning who has authority over whom; how and why a company splits the workload by specific people and by groups/teams. Understanding your organizational structure can also reveal important cross-functional relationships to coordinate work efforts for optimum results. It can show where breakdowns can occur in the hierarchy and assist in developing solutions for increasedRead MoreOrganizational Structure4097 Words   |  17 Pagesorganization structures and identify the type of organizational structure that do you thinks suitable for your selected organization? Organizational structure †¢ Organizational structure is the way in witch an organization’s activities (job tasks) are divided, organized and coordinated. †¢ Organizational structure is the way in which and work, authority resources of an organization have been divided among members. Types of organizational structure ââ€" ªRead MoreOrganizational Structure And Functional Structure999 Words   |  4 PagesFor traditional organization structures, departmentalization means that â€Å"how to group work positions into formal teams or departments that are linked together in a coordinated way† (Victoria management school, 2010, p. 272). These decisions have three types of organizational structure: functional, divisional, matrix and hybrid structures. The definition of functional structure is that making the groups which get the people who have the similar skills together for the similar tasks (Schermerhorn,Read MoreOrganizational Structure Paper1161 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Structure Paper MGT 230 Organizational Structure Paper The selected organization for the topic is AAA Remodeling AAA Remodeling is a construction company that focuses on remodeling of residential homes along with weatherization on commercial and residential buildings. Description of organizational structure of AAA remodeling will be given. Two other organizational structures will be selected for the use of contrast and comparison. The organizational functionsRead MoreDisadvantages Of Organizational Structure811 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational structure is a framework used to define the hierarchy of an organization. â€Å"An organization’s structure depends on a number of factors, including culture, top management’s preferences, the number of employees, geographic dispersion and the range of a company’s products and services† (Walston, 2014, p. 274). Also, it dictates individual job, its function, workflow and reporting system within the organization. This structure is developed to operate the organiz ation efficiently and obtainRead MoreManagement and Organizational Structure1043 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Structures Ahmed Bassyouni University of Phoenix Sep 28, 2010 William Noble Some organizational theories could explain the Enron’s failure. 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There are different types of organisationalRead MoreOrganizational Design and Organizational Structure Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE An organization is a pattern of relationships-many interwoven, simultaneous relationships- through which people, under the direction of managers, pursue their common goals. These goals are the products of the decision - making processes. The goals that managers develop through planning are typically ambitious, far-reaching, and open-ended. Managers want to ensure that their organizations can endure for a long time. Members of an organizationRead MoreOrganizational Structure And The Organization789 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizations differ from one another in various ways, and that is stated in their mission and vision statement as well as their goals. Every organization has a set pattern that helps to establish the structure on which it will accomplish the goal of the business. According to Prodanciuc, organizational structure is the fundamental concept that helps the organization be organized and administrated. The organizing takes place at the beginning of the organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s existence and it means providing everythingRead More Organizational Structures Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagesis known as the organization structure formally defined by Wikipedia (2006) as, the way in which the interrelated groups of an organization are constructed. From a managerial point of view the main concerns are ensuring effective communication and coordination. In respects to project management there are three primary organizational break downs they are functional structure, pure project structure, and matrix structure. We will take a look into each of these structures to better identify the similarities

Situational, Psychological and Social Influences free essay sample

Discuss with your class situational, psychological and social influences on the buying decision process. Think about times when you purchased a product online. What cultural or personal factors influenced your decision? What do you know about your purchase now that you didn’t know before making it? If you have not made any online purchases, why not? Why have Internet sales jumped in recent years? How is promotion used on the Internet? Speculate what the Internet environment will be like in five or 10 years. Now consider how a company capitalizes on the buyer decision-making process with its product or service. List some examples. I purchase products online frequently and the factor that best influences my decision is the psychological. My purchases usually are based on items that I feel will add to my lifestyle, like clothes, shoes and I recently purchased rugs to add to my home. The psychological influences are the person’s behavior, their perception, motives, learning, attitudes, personality, self-concepts and lifestyles. We will write a custom essay sample on Situational, Psychological and Social Influences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The social influences on the buying decision deals with family Influences, opinions, social classes, culture and subcultures. This influence on the buying decision takes in the actions and activities that a person is supposed to perform based on expectations of the individual and the surrounding persons. In 5 to 10 years, the Internet will play an even bigger part in consumer purchasing habits due to Businesses advertising directly to the consumer by way of their website and I believe in many scenarios, removing the middleman from the process which would make the price even more favorable to the consumer. ** Situational influences include location and timing that effect buying behavior. One example of situational influence would be a professional baseball game. You are out having a good time and get hungry so you buy a six dollar hot dog. Given the environment and the fact you are want to curb your hunger, you are willing to pay an irrational amount for a hot dog. Much more then you would say at a grocery store or any other time/place for that matter. Psychological influences include attitude, lifestyle, and how things are perceived. An example of psychological influence would be smoking. People buy cigarettes because commercials depict a â€Å"cool† lifestyle. The perception is that because of smoking they will be cooler or more popular, and that becomes their motive for buying the product. Not that they actually want the product itself. Social influences include culture, roles, and social classes. One example of social influence is the classic â€Å"keeping up with the Jone’s† theory. In this scenario people buy things to fit in to a group or out do their peers. They make purchases to show off or instill jealousy in others as opposed to buying out of necessity. I personally have never bought anything off the internet and the reason for that comes down to trust. I hear about hacking information and fraud too often and because of that I don’t trust putting my financial information on the web. Internet sales have jumped in recent years because more companies are offering products on the web, often times at a discount to retail stores. The internet is used for promotion to make products well known (more visible). Take Google as an example, if you search the word â€Å"camera† those companies that paid the most money will be at the top of the list. Pop up ads are another way the internet uses promotion. For those reasons and convenience purposes the internet will continue to boom as a means for sales. Companies capitalize on the buyer decision making process by appealing to the correct influences of their target market. An example would be for a Corvette. Something that shows a forty year old man smiling while cruising around in his sports car may influence people that are experiencing a mid life crisis to buy one as a cure or status symbol.

The 1St Amendment And Our Rights Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The 1st Amendment and our Rights Freedom of Speech, freedom of look, both unwritten and written, from governmental anterior restraint, except as such look constitutes libel, slander, lewdness, sedition, or condemnable behavior such as graft, bearing false witness, or incitation to riot. In the U.S. , this freedom is protected by the 1st Amendment of the Constitution. At the nucleus of 1st Amendment concerns is the protection of look that is critical of authorities policies. Besides, if the people of the authorities think baning American sites from holding # 8220 ; vulgar # 8221 ; stuff on them, what happens when this kid goes to a site that either has a nice sounding name that they don # 8217 ; t believe to barricade because it does non sound implying. If people don # 8217 ; t want their kids to be on obscene sites so they could set a block on that site at their ain computing machines and do it for that kid # 8217 ; s screen name alternatively of the full Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on The 1St Amendment And Our Rights Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If there are people old plenty to see these sites they should non be blocked from everyone. But it may besides be a good thing for them to ban the Internet for grounds of there are some reasonably awful 1s out at that place and they may non hold any criminative content on them, but they are unpointed and destructive to other peoples computing machines. There are some sites that have viruses on them and other people enter non cognizing and that should decidedly come to an terminal. Although these sites are dense, the more you destroy the more sites merely like it are made. The erotica sites and other grownup content sites should non be blocked. I say this because if they are traveling to look for it there is no manner you can conceal it from the kids that have entree to the Internet. Besides there is no manner of turn outing how old you truly are on a computing machine, so there is no manner a kid can be caught on the site he/she is non supposed to be on. If Congress starts to restrict the ability of the Internet it would be against everything that it was made for, and at the same clip those people likely besides use the Internet for those intents and are merely holding with the higher people on the latter so they don’t have to reason over the topic. In this clip of life, there is practically no manner to ban the Internet from all sites said to be bad or non appropriate for all eyes to see and yet there are more sites being made with that same content as we speak. In decision it is alright to hold sites with grownup content and material non suited for childs because the universe does non go around around them and it is non illegal to hold bare images of people on the Internet. The minor people should merely acquire a block for the waiter they use and that should be the terminal because it does go against our 1st Amendment and you can hold all of these things on your site because cipher can halt the people that make the pages and they will neer be able to so it should merely be dropped. Bibliography 1. No I do non hold that this site has easy to happen bill of fare or that the design is good. Reason being, the icons are scattered all over the topographic point and the page is fitted into a infinite that is excessively little for it. 2. Yes I do hold that this site is easy to utilize. Reason being, the icons were both on the screen and listed at the top, so it is easy for most people to utilize. The primary intent for this site is for information on Tom Petty and his set. I think this because that is what I got out of the page and it has information on his circuit and all the material on his set. 3. Yes I do agree. The thing I would make to better this site is do the fount larger and do classs alternatively of holding material cluttered on the page. 4. The manner I would cover with the window shoppers is I would demo a image of the point from all angles and so I would set the monetary value next to it like E-Bay sells. It all depends on the assignment to cognize whether or non to allow your personal feelings get in the manner of the undertaking.

Jack Horner - Profile of the Famous Paleontologist

Jack Horner - Profile of the Famous Paleontologist Name: Jack Horner Born: 1946 Nationality: American Dinosaurs Named: Maiasaura, Orodromeus About Jack Horner Along with Robert Bakker, Jack Horner is one of the most prominent paleontologists in the United States (the two men served as advisers for the Jurassic Park movies, and Sam Neills character in the original was inspired by Horner). Horners main claim to fame was his discovery, in the 1970’s, of the extensive nesting grounds of a North American hadrosaur, which he named Maiasaura (good mother lizard). These fossilized eggs and burrows gave paleontologists an unusually detailed glimpse of the family life of duck-billed dinosaurs. The author of numerous popular books, Horner has remained at the forefront of paleontological research. In 2005, he discovered a chunk of T. Rex with soft tissue still attached, which was recently analyzed to determine its protein content. And in 2006, he led a team that discovered dozens of nearly intact Psittacosaurus skeletons in the Gobi Desert, shedding some valuable light on the lifestyles of these small, beaked herbivores. Lately, Horner and colleagues have been examining the growth stages of various dinosaurs; one of their more stunning finds is that Triceratops and Torosaurus may well have been the same dinosaur. By the turn of the 21st century, Horner had obtained a reputation as being a bit of an eccentric, always eager (and perhaps a tad over-eager) to overthrow accepted dinosaur theories and hog the limelight. Hes not afraid to challenge his critics head-on, however, and lately has caused even more of a stir with his plan to clone a dinosaur by manipulating the DNA of a living chicken (not a far cry, technically speaking, from the controversial program known as de-extinction).

Study of Human Behavior 10 Facts That Will Make You Fall in Love with the Course

Study of Human Behavior 10 Facts That Will Make You Fall in Love with the Course Study of Human Behavior: 10 Facts That Will Make You Fall in Love with the Course Even the words â€Å"human behavior† make you yawn. But, it just sounds so dry and boring. Actually, you’re wrong. The study of human behavior is truly fascinating. The way we behave is unpredictable, weird, and sometimes wonderful. Here are 10 fun facts that will make you hungry to learn more. High levels of testosterone have been linked to pleasure in the expression of anger towards others. We all know that testosterone can make us more aggressive, but now the reason is clear. The expression of anger gives some of us pleasure similar to what we feel when having sex. After you die, your brain remains alive for 7 minutes replaying all the memories from your life. So it turns out that you really do â€Å"see your life flash before your eyes† when dying. Spooky, isn’t it? Studies have confirmed that publicly stating a goal to others makes it less likely that you will succeed. The added pressure of the expectations of others causes you to lose your motivation. So next New Year’s, try writing your resolutions down privately instead of posting them publicly on social media and see what a difference it makes. It has been found that people with low self-esteem are more likely to engage in acts to purposely humiliate others. It turns out Mom was right all along. Bullies really do just feel bad about themselves. When a person lies, he or she has a tendency to look to the left or upwards. Anywhere but directly in the eyes of the person they’re talking to! The last person you are thinking about before you fall asleep is either a root cause of happiness or pain in your life. Perhaps this also explains why they so frequently show up in your dreams at night, too. When we have negative opinions about others, we really believe that these opinions are true and unbiased. That teacher is just incompetent and everyone knows it. The fact that he gave you a failing grade on your last paper has nothing to do with it. Intelligent women are more likely to remain single. It turns out that women with a higher IQ usually prefer being alone to being with the wrong people. So, if you’re a girl who has been single for a long time, it could just mean that you’re smarter than an average one. When listening to boring speeches, we are constantly rewriting them in our minds to make them more interesting. It’s our own inner defense mechanism to help keep us focused when a lecturer drones on and on. And most of the time, we don’t even realize that we’re doing it. Physical sensations directly affect our behavior. For example, if an object feels physically heavy, we associate it with a feeling of seriousness. And it has been shown that contact with nature helps us cope with the stress better. Want to learn more intriguing facts about human behavior? There are plenty of them, and we guarantee that as you continue studying them, you will be endlessly fascinated and hungry to learn even more.

Are Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter Etc) Sites Effective Means of Literature review

Are Social Networking (Facebook, Twitter Etc) Sites Effective Means of Recruitment - Literature review Example The users of the social networking sites are able to engage in real time communication through text based or cam based or even voice based interaction irrespective of their location. The social networking sites are internet based applications that allow the users to engage into useful communication through the virtual platform that could be accessed with the use of electronic devices like computer terminals, notebooks, mobiles, etc (Zhang, Johnson and Seltzer, 2010, p.81). The social networking have brought about changes in the outlook of the society as they have inclined towards the online mode of communication due to the benefits in terms of time , cost, energy, etc. The young people of the society have shown the greatest interest towards the use of social networking sites (Henderson and Bowley, 2010, p.248). The social networking sites like the Facebook, Twitter, etc. not only form a part of their personal and private lives but also emerged as tools for fulfilling career aspiratio n. The people have started to increase their online presence in order to pursue the career that they desire (Backstrom, Huttenlocher and Kleinberg, 2006, p.42). Needless to say, the social networking sites have proved to be useful in the process of recruitment of the employers and, therefore, increase the chances of users in getting a job. The social networking sites offer the employers a wide range of information on the candidates who could be eligible for the process of recruitment according to the pre-set criteria. The availability of huge number of profiles which are easily accessible to the employers allows them to filter the apposite candidates to be called for the interview and further stages of recruitment. The social networking sites are also useful to the candidates as it provides wide range of information on the companies through the use of online media applications of Facebook, Twitter, etc (Diani, 2000, p.392). The applicants also get the opportunity to interact with th e existing employees who are available on the social networking platforms. The effectiveness of the social networking sites in the process of recruitment, its advantages and disadvantages could be clearly understood with the help of literature review. E-Recruitment The advent of the internet based applications in the form social networking sites have reinvented the ways of communication in which one engages with another and also in the way in which interaction takes place between the individuals and the organizations in the workplace. In order to keep themselves updated with the modern trend, the employers have also been required to embrace the modern communication practices and use the same in the process of recruitment. The growth e-recruitment or the use of virtual platforms in the social networking sites have taken place in order to keep up with the changing trend of communication (Pfeffer, 2008, p.67). Thus the e-recruitment methods have been adopted by the companies in order t o aid the traditional process of

The Relationship between Colonists and Native Americans Assignment

The Relationship between Colonists and Native Americans - Assignment Example It will show that history can reflect the time it is written in, and that word choice and grammar can influence the reader's attitude toward the subject. The overwhelming attitude towards Native Americans is, in the earliest extract (1877), one of hatred and violence. Words like savage and hostile abound, amongst descriptions of the Native American attack on Jamestown and other settlements as massacre, murder and exterminate (in-class exercise). The author writes that his contemporaries are fighting against Native Americans in Arizona and Montana (the Apache Attacks and Nez Perce War), which is almost something the reader does not need to be told, given how intense and hateful this piece seems. There is no mention of Native American culture, although the author does (begrudgingly) admit that the tribes could build shelters, grow crops, and hunt. Any reference to an exchange between European and Native American culture is hidden in whining laments that Native Americans appear to be in nately hostile to European culture, called here 'civilization'. By contrast, the 1885 piece comes across as slightly less impassioned. Whereas the 1877 text ends by saying that it is certain that Native Americans will have disappeared from the American continent within a few years, the 1885 text expresses hopes that the Native Americans will be 'Christianized' rather than dying out. The 1885 piece attempts to be fairer to the indigenous tribes, but still makes incorrect assumptions, such as the 'fact' that Native Americans lived very simplistic and uncivilized lifestyles. Non-neutral language is used to claim that the Native Americans were inferior to the settlers in the fields of arts and inventions, progress and education, disposition, and religion, and had been since their collision with European culture two hundred years before. The only area in which Native Americans are not lesser is 'endurance,' yet this achievement is still couched in terminology which makes these people see m not quite human. It is easy to suspect that the writers of the textbook 'knew' this through experience. The two extracts from nineteenth-century textbooks neither mention individuals, whether European or Native American nor refer to any sort of cultural exchange. Admittedly, this would be hard given that neither text admits the existence of a Native American culture. Nor does either piece suggest any possible explanation for the failure of the Jamestown settlement other than Native American savagery. Therefore these earliest passages reflect the real-life hostilities occurring at the time between Europeans and Native Americans. The Apache Attacks lasted until 1900 when the last fighting tribe surrendered, so it is understandable – if despicable – that the textbooks adhered to the image of Native Americans as an enemy which must be destroyed. It is more difficult to completely exterminate an enemy if there is evidence of the enemy's humanity, or that a valuable part o f human cultural history might be lost in their destruction, so it makes sense that contemporary textbooks were unconcerned with these subjects. The 1927 text is the first to recognize that at least some of the Native American tribes were fairly advanced and cultured.  

Violence in the Media and how it Affects Society Essay Example for Free

Violence in the Media and how it Affects Society Essay The effect of media is profound and far-reaching. All over the world, the media influences our values and intrudes upon our deep-seated ideologies and beliefs. Indeed the media has been a powerful force in influencing people’s perceptions, and more importantly, their behavior as well. Business, politicians, and showbiz personalities pay huge sums of money to media firms in order create an image or change an existing one. Politics in particular, has been making use of the media to generate public support for their campaigns and support for certain policies and legislations. Indeed, the power of the media to affect our behavior has long been proven. Among the most pressing issues about media nowadays is how the proliferation of media violence can affect society. People have long believed that constant and chronic exposure to violence through various forms of mass media can erode the values of an individual, especially if the person does not have a strong system of moral support. (Croteau Hoynes 23) However while it is easy to say that violence in media has an adverse effect in society, there are scholars who argue that it is not media per se that causes the negative effects, rather it is a complex interplay of many elements in society, and media is but one element in the issue. (Freedman 54) Media violence and its effect on society cannot be separated from these other factors and therefore, media alone cannot be held responsible for violence in society. As such, this paper intends to understand media violence and its effects on society by understanding the issues that underlie the argument. Violent behavior has long been a source of confusion among sociologists, psychologists and society in general. While there have been many extensive researches that have attempted to study, understand, and explain criminal acts, none thus far has been found to satisfactorily explain all the complex processes and the interplay of factors that pushes an individual to commit violence. Among these theories, the most widely-accepted is the constitutive criminology. According to this theory, violent behavior is the result of the complex interplay between man and the social structures that he interacts with on a regular basis. (Sanders Ferrell 146) As such, perpetrators of violence cannot be analyzed separately from the social processes that they interact with. Following this theory, it is easy to understand why media has often been implicated in the increase of aggressive or violent behavior. Media has been growing more powerful and omniscient by the minute. In particular the Internet, has amplified the power of the media to effect change and influence society’s behavior. The effects of these technological advances have been discussed by Croteau and Hoynes, â€Å"The increase in media options in recent years has even led to an increase in ‘multi-tasking’- using more than one form of media at a time. † (5) With the ubiquitous media surrounding us in all aspects of our lives, it is easy to realize that the media is a big and indispensable part of contemporary life. Indeed the media has become the most dominant and powerful force in our modern world, displacing religious and educational institutions as the primary molder of our individual and collective ideologies. (Croteau and Hoynes 6) And if media can be used to influence buying, voting, and other forms of behavior, it follows that is also affects violence and aggressiveness among people. How media influences people may be explained by Bandura’s social learning theory. According to Bandura (1977), the need to be accepted and conform to society is the main driving force for an individual’s actions. If media then creates the image of what is acceptable and popular, then it is only logical that society acts in accordance to this media-created image. The following figures are taken from the official website of the National Institute on Media and the Family (2006): ? Based on average viewing time, an individual would have seen some 200,000 acts of violence including 40,000 murders on television by the time he or she is eighteen years old (Huston, et al qtd. from the National Institute on Media and the Family). ? Children between the ages of 8 and 18 spend more time exposed to various forms of media (TV, computer, game consoles, music, etc) than any other activity in their lifetime. (Kaiser Family Foundation qtd. from the National Institute on Media and the Family). ? Of over a thousand studies that have been done on the effects of violence in television and movies, majority of them conclude that individuals, especially children who spend significant time watching violence on TV and movies are more likely to display aggressive or violent behavior, attitudes and values. (Senate Committee; Congressional Public Health Summit qtd. from the National Institute on Media and the Family) According to these figures, the younger the age of the individual, the more susceptible they become to the adverse effects of exposure to media violence. (Trend 93) The aggressiveness are often latent and presents later in life which is adds to the difficulty of measuring the actual effects of media violence. (Freedman 137) Women who spend long hours watching TV violence are more likely to respond violently towards their spouses. There is an increase in physicality among women with higher media violence exposure. (Partenheimer) In the same vein, men who watched more media violence exhibit increased physical violence and aggressive behavior towards others as well. Both men and women who watch violence on the Internet, movies, and TV are three times more likely to commit traffic violations and other misdemeanors and felonies. Regardless of any theory, there is no denying the fact that any violent actions or aggressive behavior is a product of a highly complex process, the mechanics of which may forever elude social scientists. However, while violence may indeed be just the end product of a series of interactions between the perpetrator and the world around him, the question still remains why some people who grow up watching the same levels of media violence grow up to be normal people while others become social deviants. As the individual makes the choice to commit an aggression, how much of this is because of media influence and other social and physical factors, and how much of this is purely the individual’s choice? For social scientists the challenge is to create theories that will help prevent violence rather than analyze the aggressive after the fact, after the harm has been done. As previously mentioned, learning does not take place in a vacuum; it does so within a social context. Young children are very impressionable, and they need constant supervision and explicit direction from their parents. Children should be made to realize what behaviors are acceptable and those that are not. Parents should exhaust all efforts to monitor what their children see and hear and provide proper and consistent guidance Indeed the media is very powerful and highly influential. But it is a neutral instrument and can be used for both good and bad. By virtue of its platform of delivery, films and television are highly accessible and are able to reach an enormous audience within a short span of time. The elements of compelling narrative, appealing characters, vivid imagery, and technological achievements, make a powerful combination that is able to stir deep emotions and leave lasting impressions in the psyche of the individuals who are watching. Shows and music that carry positive themes of justice, equality, and honor are very effective in shaping public opinion, and by extension, positive behavior as well. A well-made film or TV show can galvanize a society into action and initiate positive change. Media should temper violence by featuring shows that promote values as well. Works Cited Bandura, Albert. Social Learning Theory. Prentice-Hall. 1977 Croteau, David. Media Society: Industries, Images and Audiences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2003. Freedman, Jonathan. Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression: Assessing the Scientific Evidence. University of Toronto Press. 2002. Partenheimer, David. Public Affairs Office. Childhood Exposure To Media Violence Predicts Young Adult Aggressive Behavior, According To A New 15-Year Study. 2003. Retrieved on March 7, 2008 from http://www. apa. org/releases/media_violence. html

Immigrants - Just Let Them In :: Immigrants Immigration Essays

Immigrants - Just Let Them In America is the land of the free, and a life full of opportunities for every American. The United States leads the world in its power and is seen by many as a way to escape the hardships of their countries. Would it be inhumane of a rich country to not help the other countries and people, who struggle in the world? But for an immigrant to enter the United States, he or she must have a one to two-year processing time, a three hundred and ten dollar fee, and a ten page form stating their reasons for entering the U.S. Most immigrants do not want or can find time to go through this process. Instead, they could come into the U.S. illegally and still receive a job without a problem. Immigrants help America prosper by increasing the purchasing of goods. This in turn makes the economy grow by demanding more jobs. Immigrants help America flourish and create a wide variety of people living the American dream as one nation. Most Americans relax in a state of comfort zone. They live their nice lives and forget about the world outside their eyes. Studying other countries gives a clear example of what horrible lives others live. Currently eighty-nine percent of Mexico lives in poverty. The average Mexican worker slaves all day for a pathetic forty pesos, (Mexico Child Link. http://www.mexico-child-link.org/mexico-factfile-statistics.htm). That is two dollars a day in America. If an American had a family with a wife and a couple kids, they could not support a family with such a lack of income. The American needs to put himself or herself in a position of an immigrant and asked the question what they would do. They would try to leave and go to a land where they hear of riches and luxuries. They would leave to a place where they could raise a happy family and obtain a steady job paying wages that they could support their family. The dream of any human being is not to suffer, but to live a joyful li fe. Many immigrants flee their countries because they seek asylum in the United States.

Air cargo pkomot

The Boeing Company is one of the best companies providing a comprehensive and resent overview of the air cargo industry. It provides the biennial World Air Forecast. The findings summarise the major air trade markets in the world, giving the major trends and projects on the future improvements and performance of the world’s cargo airplane.Forecasting and planning are two synonyms which normally create confusion yet they have different meanings. Forecasting is the task of predicting the short term or long term future events by keeping statistics. The important element in forecasting is that it’s based upon some assumptions which are general.These assumptions may or may not be true and does not necessarily reflect the company’s expectations.Planning on the other hand is the creation and maintenance of a flow of events in an organisation and the process of coming up with the procedures necessary to create the desired goal in the organisation.Forecasting is a very im portant aspect in cargo industry. Some of the purposes of forecasting include: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To identify the alternative possible futures. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To get a justification on the plans and decisions we make. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To provide information on possible futures so that realistic planning can occur. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To raise awareness of the possible futures so that we have choice over which the future will support.These are just a few of the purposes of planning but overally its meant to give us a direction on the future happenings so that we get prepared.Forecasting can either be short term or long term. Short term forecast includes any current or recent past records that form a basis for the forecast. An example is the use of precipitation, thunderstorms and winds.Long term forecasting is the use of a wide range of facilities for forecasting especially that which covers a long period of tim e e.g. the use of cloud computing. This is the use of the software’s to compute the forecasts of a particular company.The use of forecasting in the companies involved in air cargo has increased over the years. One of the major contributions of forecasting is in planning.Air cargo companies have had to have an efficient plan making them set aside resources to tackle the future outcomes of the company. It has also aided in analysis. Several companies can compare themselves and know there stand. This has tremendously caused improvements in the air cargo industry.The accuracy of forecasting in the modern world necessitates the controlling process. The forecast error is currently estimated to be very small and is calculated by getting the difference between the actual value and the forecast value.The air cargo companies were affected by the traffic growth in 2008 and 2009 edition. World air cargo went upto 6% in 2007, following the previous 4% in 2006. This has declined in the yea rs 2008 and 2009 consecutively approximated to be about 3.4% in 2008. This analysis relates to the Boeing air cargo company.2009 will however be a grim year for the air cargo industry because of the magnitude at which the occurrence of global slump in trade growth is doing. Seabury forecasts indicate that 2009 will be a tough year for the air cargo companies getting 3.1% in air trade.It predicts however that this will improve in 2010 and rise to 5.1% forming a basis for further improvement in the subsequent years.Growth projections and highlights indicate the air cargo company picking up to 5.1% to 5.9% from the year 2011 to 2012. These projections are based on the fact that the change of the food and fuel prices will have a major change in the future. These two factors form the basis of the air cargo company market pricing.The success of aeronautical engineering requires several materials in its programming. As opposed to the past where the products were not of the standard the pre sent day aeronautical engineering requires enough materials.These include the use of digital and print equipment. The current data aeronautical companies utilize the geospatial machines which can decode the geospatial-referenced digits, and data which has been fused with other information.Reference:Kress, G. (1994) Forecasting and Market analysis techniques: a practical approach, London: Quorum books.

Economic, Political, and Social Factors Related to Aids in Africa

Without a single doubt, one can say politics has been the main driving forces in the spread of this disease. Once the â€Å"triple cocktail† was discovered by doctors, it managed to signal an era in which AIDS was no longer a fatal disease. Nevertheless, the high costs of this drug meant that it was unaffordable to patients from the undeveloped countries where stigma and desperation flourished. Additionally, patients in developed countries such as America were incapable of being introduced to this remedy if they were incompetent in affording health care.Patients felt defeated, restless, isolated, and accepted that there is a social disorder accommodated with this disease. There was a political conflict in subordinating the expenses of this medicine in countries such as Brazil where health care is guaranteed for all its citizens. South African government further encountered a tragic failure in battling with this epidemic that was overwhelming its country. President Mbeki came i nto power with an unconventional message and promised solutions for AIDS.When Mbeki was leading a nation with more infections than any country in the world, he affirmed throughout his speech that HIV is not the causation of AIDS but an environmental or social condition such as poverty, and banned the cocktail claiming it was toxic for the population. Hence, the fundamental proposition that arose was if HIV doesn’t cause AIDS, then how would anti-HIV drugs lead to such dramatic improvement in one’s well-being and how does AIDS get passed on to a child from a mother who is infected with HIV.This evidently proved that denial and neglect in African government for covering the cost burden of these drugs in order to save the lives of its citizens. Indubitably there is a monumental controversy regarding the funding for AIDS drugs globally. If our mission is to reach equity and justice in our society, we must ensure funding for AIDS drugs and also ensure practical preventative factors are provided for all our citizens regardless of their socioeconomic status.

5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group

5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group 5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group 5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group By Mark Nichol You’ve got your writing group up and running. All the hard work’s over, right? Wrong. Just like any smooth-running machine, a writing group requires maintenance. Here are some tips for tender, loving care: 1. Construct Criticism Model proactive and up-front critiquing etiquette. Advise everyone to start positive with a compliment, then offer honest but objective, well-supported, and practical advice, and then conclude with another commendation. Continuously reinforce the message that no one is served when criticism is withheld; only focused, writing-centered (not writer-centered) commentary will help the writer grow. 2. Vary the Routine Some people might be ready to email a writing sample a week ahead of time to give others a chance to read and critique before the next meeting. Those selections don’t need to be read aloud before the group; you can go straight to discussion. (Hand the writer an annotated hard copy or return by email, with inserted notes, the file they sent you.) Others can pass around copies of a cold read and read it aloud while others jot down notes, then go to discussion. Yet others might simply read a shorter passage for a moment’s worth of specific advice, ask a few general questions without reading at all, or pass altogether that week, participating only in discussion about others’ work. (You may not have time to go over every group member’s project at each meeting anyway.) But don’t let any one member get away with following the same routine every time. Suggest a writing session every now and then: Everybody comes to the meeting, writes for an hour, then convenes to take turns reading part or all of their resulting selection for five minutes and getting one minute of feedback from each member. 3. Do Your Homework Establish expectations for criticism: When you read the writing of other group members, take notes, writing down questions, suggestions, and compliments. Be specific when you critique, praising a vivid description in particular or recommending more character development with detailed advice. Focus, however, not on telling others what to do but on asking questions to help them decide what to do. If you don’t understand something, or you feel that details are lacking, ask for an explanation or background information. Then, gently advise the author to incorporate their response into the narrative. Your homework also involves setting your ego aside and acting on others’ critiques. What’s the use of investing so much time and energy in this process if you don’t take feedback to heart? 4. Take a Break At regular intervals, step back from the critiquing cycle to meet just to advise or brainstorm about how to organize notes, do research, or work on character, plot, tone, and so on. Several times a year, go to a book reading together, or watch a movie or a play together and, for homework, draft a â€Å"novelization† or a rewrite of a scene and bring it to the next meeting. Compile a list of prompts for when members hit the wall. 5. Check In Periodically evaluate how the group is going. Are your meetings too often, not often enough, or just right? Too long, not long enough, or ideal? Is someone missing too many meetings or wallflowering, or does one person dominate them? Is everybody getting what they want out of the experience? What’s the procedure when somebody’s not fitting in? What do you do when one or more members drop out, or one or more members feel like increasing the number of people in the group? How do you recruit, and how do you decide whether to accept candidates? Establish and review your membership policies. Above all, remember that although the group is a democratic body that should operate by consensus, you, as the founder, must continue to moderate the proceedings and nudge everyone to always honor its principles and purposes. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsForming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives

The Role of the Congress in U.S. Foreign Policy

The Role of the Congress in U.S. Foreign Policy As with virtually all U.S. government policy decisions, the executive branch, including the president, and Congress share responsibility in what ideally is a collaboration on foreign policy issues. Congress controls the purse strings, so it has significant influence over all kinds of federal issues including foreign policy. Most important is the oversight role played by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The House and Senate Committees The Senate Foreign Relations Committee has a special role to play because the Senate must approve all treaties and nominations to key foreign policy postings and make decisions about legislation in the foreign policy arena. An example is the usually intense questioning of a nominee to be secretary of state by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Members of that committee have a great deal of influence over how U.S. foreign policy is conducted and who represents the United States around the world. The House Committee on Foreign Affairs has less authority, but it still plays an important role in passing the foreign affairs budget and in investigating how that money is used. Senate and House members often travel abroad on fact-finding missions to places deemed vital to U.S. national interests. War Powers Certainly, the most important authority given to Congress overall is the power to declare war and to raise and support the armed forces. The authority is granted in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 11 of the U.S. Constitution. But this congressional power as granted by the Constitution has always been a flashpoint of tension between the Congress and the presidents constitutional role as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. It came to a boiling point in 1973, in the wake of the unrest and divisiveness caused by the Vietnam War, when Congress passed the controversial War Powers Act over the veto of President Richard Nixon to address situations where sending U.S. troops abroad could result in involving them in armed action and how the president could carry out military  action while still keeping Congress in the loop. Since the passage of the War Powers Act, presidents have viewed it as an unconstitutional infringement on their executive powers, reports the Law Library of Congress, and it has remained surrounded by controversy. Lobbying Congress, more than any other part of the federal government, is the place where special interests seek to have their issues addressed. And this creates a large lobbying and policy-crafting industry, much of which is focused on foreign affairs. Americans concerned about Cuba, agricultural imports, human rights, global climate change, immigration, among many other issues, seek out members of the House and Senate to influence legislation and budget decisions.

Portrayal of women or the experience of femininity Essay

Portrayal of women or the experience of femininity - Essay Example Sexual relationship between a man and a woman has always been a very interesting yet controversial subject, and has conventionally invited a lot of debate with respect to their respective roles in the sex. In the lack of marital commitment, the regime in sexuality lies in the hands of man, whereas the woman follows him to gain the basic level of pleasure in sex. Marriage lays the basis of morality in the physical relationship between a man and a woman, and men generally respect this fact. When a man gets married to a woman, he accepts her wholeheartedly and shares his pleasures and sorrows with her. He considers the woman as his real life partner and shares everything he has with her, including property and all bounties of life. This is portrayed in several parts of Happy Ending by Margaret Astwood. With the passage of time, the two get used to each other and can not live without each other. They may have individualistic interests, but they derive satisfaction from the fact that they are committed to each other. Their sex life is quite normal, and wives do not have to be slaves to their husband to derive sexual pleasure and physical satisfaction. They may have sex quite often or they may not have sex at all, though, in no case, does the husband supersede the wife on the ground of sex. Commitment of sexes towards each other is fundamental to their equality in sex. In the sexual relationship between John and Mary explained in the part B of Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood, Mary is enslaved to John. This part depicts the psychology of cohabiting that is increasingly becoming a practice in many modern societies. Owing to high divorce rates, and the general tensions associated with marriage, women tend to look for the right man to whom they can get married. In their attempt to avoid a displeasing marital experience, they resolve to cohabit with men, and tend to make the men love them and get used to them before both of them can enter the sacred institution of marria ge. In the practice of cohabiting, men take maximum benefit of their privileged position. They take advantage of the weakness of women and use them for physical satisfaction and that too, in the most indecent manner. Men are far more decent towards women in marital sex as compared to sex out of marriage. This can be estimated from the order in which John undresses himself to have sex with Mary in the part B of Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood. A person with shear common sense and humanity will expect any kind of decent sex to start with emotional stimulation of both the partners. Decent sex is smooth and full of fantasies, feelings, emotions, and respect of both genders towards each other. Respect is fundamental to the decency in sex. In decent sex, whoever initiates the sex seeks approval from the partner. The two enter into sex through mutual consensus and the sex is driven by acknowledgement and encouragement of each other’s sexual fantasies. In such a sex, both of the par tners would fully undress and would like to stimulate each other to the apogee of orgasm. The man in a respectful sexual relationship would like to see the body of his partner, and would appreciate the beauty of it both verbally and physically, whereas in the part B of Happy Endings, John does not show the slightest interest in looking at the body of Mary. He never asks her to take her clothes off. He doesn't take off Mary's clothes, she takes them

Is Lakoff's analysis of the language and moral assumptions of liberals Essay

Is Lakoff's analysis of the language and moral assumptions of liberals and conservatives correct , based on what you see in this - Essay Example Boaz argues that the nation may be liberal towards giving a portion of their income but would not give the government total control of the money to use as it sees fit. Therefore, it is right to support Lakoff’s analysis of the language of liberals and conservatives on issues and ideology. â€Å"Moral Politics† by Lakoff goes out to show the language the politicians use in their different sides of thought towards the public. In this book, Lakoff analyses the unconscious and rhetorical observations of liberals and the conservatives. He asserts that there is a radical but a consistent difference between the liberals and the conservative’s origins of morality. His main agenda is to formulate a model that not only clarifies why the liberals and conservatives take the positions they do but to also join the collections of liberal and conservative political stands in public eyes. He argues that the nation is a family and liberals present a different model of the family v iew compared to the conservatives. The liberals present a nurturing parent (NP) while the conservatives take the assumption of a strict father model (SF). Together encompass decent principals nevertheless; they differ in the most important priorities making them drastically conflicting. With these morals, Lakoff agues out his models to decipher the moral construction inside the language of politics and strategy. In the article â€Å"One Bad and Eight Good Reasons to Cut Taxes† Boaz uses the patterns Lakoff analyses in his metaphorical models giving the opposite priorities in terms of tax cut at the time of Bush government. The individuals backing lofty taxes were opposed the proposition to cut taxes based on the less difference it can make on the economy. This made them hold on the high taxes the government is conducting. In Boaz’s arguments, he asserts that the people who earn money possess it and giving the government the sole control is not wise. This is a liberal a cclamation in that the family members can make a decision on the family function as opposed to the strict father who will impose strict orders in the family set up. Through the proposition of cutting taxes Lakoff’s analysis of an NP model giving the members a better angle to present their views. Lakoff affirms that people appreciate the fact that they are part of what is going on rather thinking of solutions themselves. This is a result of the fact that the society does not know what it really believes and desires to be informed of the thoughts. Boaz article is a good example of a suggestion that the government could consider. During the Bush administration, there was the strict father model and that encompasses the decisions he made without consultation like the invasion of Iraq. This provides the hypothesis that the father is the sole decision maker consequently punishing the children who wrong. Programs given to the public get scrutiny and views as things that citizens get without earning them. This makes the public assume that the government is liable for their needs making them immoral. Bush administration suggests the cut in taxes to have the people have more money in order to reduce social programs but this does not necessarily mean the stoppage of military activities. Consequently, the public is hooked to Bush ideals since they associate with the strict father model. The liberal counter to this assumption is that the

Financial Analysis of Burberry Group Plc Coursework

Financial Analysis of Burberry Group Plc - Coursework Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is Burberry Group Plc is a British luxury fashion house established in 1856 and listed on the London Stock Exchange since 2002. Its business’s mainline involves the sourcing, designing, manufacturing, and marketing of high-end clothing as well as non-apparel accessories for customer segments including women, men, and children. Customers can reach Burberry products through its diversified distribution network of retail, wholesale, digital and licensing channels operated in the United Kingdom and across the world. In the year 2012, Burberry was ranked the 82nd best global brand in the world with regards to its high operating value and such ranking has been improved for the past few years. Therefore, it is worth studying its financial information to see how its operation has developed causing increasing company’s value. For the purpose of carrying out a financial performance analysis of Burberry, the financial st atements of the company pertaining to the last three financial years have been reformulated (See Appendix). The reformulation of balance sheet reveals the net operating assets (NOA) of the company, net debt, and net equity. On the other hand, the reformulation of income statement has revealed the recurring items and non-recurring or exceptional items in the income statement of Burberry. The income statement has been reformulated in two ways, i.e. full reformulation and basic reformulation. The basic reformulation does not include exceptional or non-recurring items in the income statement, whereas in full reformulation, each and every time has been included in the reformulated income statement. The overall analysis of the income statement for Burberry pertaining to the last four financial years shows that the sales growth declined in 2010 in comparison with 2009, whereas the growth rate showed improvement on consistent basis in 2011 and 2012. The main reason behind this consistency in sales growth is considerable increase in the retail sales of the company in the last two years. In addition to this, as the company is also engaged in the wholesales, there is a insignificant increase in wholesales also noted, which has contributed to the growth in sales revenue to some extent. Reformulated Income Statement (Full) 2012 2011 2010 2009 (Sales growth based on previous financial year) 1.24 1.17 1.07 1.21 As per the reformulated income statement, common size income statements for full and basic income statements have been prepared. Common Sized Income Statement Based on Full Reformulation (Excludes Unusual Items

MARKETING MANAGEMENT COLGATE PALMOLIVE Industry Overview

MARKETING MANAGEMENT COLGATE PALMOLIVE Industry Overview In a society that cares about appearances consumers continually look for new, innovative oral care products to provide an extra sparkle to their smiles. Oral care companies are marketing their products to different consumer segments in order to capture their share in the growing segment market. Todays consumer demand numerous benefits from their tooth pastes and manufacturers are responding accordingly. The Personal Care and Household Cleaning Products Industry inclues Companies that make Personal Care and Hygiene Care Products such as cosmetics, perfumes and toiletries as well as household cleaning products. Some leading companies in Personal Care and Household care are Procter Gamble, Unilever, Colgate Palmolive, Johnson JohnsonGillette and Reckitt Benckiser etc. Key Market Players Colgate-Palmolive Colgate-Palmolive headquartered in New York City is the biggest seller of toothpaste (ahead of Procter Gamble) and a world leader in oral care products (mouthwash, toothpastes, and toothbrushes). The company also makes personal care products (baby care, deodorants, shampoos, soaps) and household cleaners (bleaches laundry products, soaps). Its other well-known brands include Palmolive dishwashing liquid and tabs, Ajax surface cleaners, and Fab laundry detergent. Its Hills Pet Nutrition subsidiary makes Science Diet and Prescription Diet brands of pet food. Colgate operates in more than 70 countries and sells products in more than 200. Procter Gamble The Procter Gamble Company is the number one U.S. maker of household products, with brands in five main categories: Baby, feminine and family care; Fabric and home care; Beauty care; Health care and Food and Beverages. Nowadays Procter Gamble markets nearly 300 brands, including leading brands such us Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Always, Whisper, Pantene, Bounty, Pringles, Folgers, Charmin, Downy, Lenor, Iams, Crest, Actonel, Olay, and Clairol. PG has sales in more than 160 countries around the world and PGs worldwide headquarters is located in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The company operates 115 plants in almost 80 countries worldwide and employs nearly 98,000 people. The firm also makes pet food and water filters and produces soap operas. Proctor Gamble is not an active player in local market tooth paste market. GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline, one of the top five pharmaceutical firms in the world, is the name behind antidepressant Paxil and asthma therapies, Flovent and Servent, among the worlds best-selling drugs. Other international bestsellers include Avandia fordiabetes, migraine reliever Imitrex, cancer-related nausea drug Zofran, and antibiotic Augmentin. GSK products are also available without a prescription: OTC products include Zantac for sour stomachs, Aquafresh Maclense for cleaner teeth. Oxy for skin suffering the ravages of adolescence, and Nico Derm for smokers looking to kick the habit. Unilever Unilever is one the worlds top packaged consumer goods companies, Unilever has leveraged its brand-name food, cleaning and personal care products into market dominance worldwide. Dually headquartered in London and Rotterdam, the Netherlands, it is operated by two different holding companies, Unilever PLC (UK) and Unilever N.V. (the Netherlands), which have separate stock listings but an identical board of directors. Unilever is one of the industry leader in deodorants (Axe, Degree), hair care products (Suave, ThermaSilk), prestige fragrances (Calvin Klein, Lagerfeld) and soap (Dove, Lux ). Its other familiar goods include Q-Tips, Vaseline, Pepsodent, Close up and Mentadent tooth pastes and laundry and cleaning products such as all Wisk and Surf. Locally Manufactured Medicame Tooth Pate, Medipac, Forhans, English, Listerine and Sensodine tooth paste are also increasing their market share. Medicame Listerine and Sensodyne are medicated tooth paste. Sensitive consumer gives good consideration to medicated tooth paste. However English tooth paste is very low price tooth paste. Some imported tooth pastes are also available at super store while a variety of medicated tooth paste is available at Medical stores. Close up and medicame are the real competitors of Colgate tooth paste. They have reduced the market share of Colgate. Colgate tooth paste is pioneer and innovator in the introduction of Herbal tooth paste. Corporate Profile Personal care giant Colgate-Palmolive is generally associated with toothpaste and soap, but in fact its broad portfolio also includes Pet food, Deodorants, Fabric softeners, Household cleaners and Detergents. Brands include Ajax, Fab, Mennen and Hills Science Diet, alongside the two products that make up the companys name. Colgate is the worlds #1 toothpaste and toothbrush brand; Palmolive soap is the worlds third largest soap brand, now covering a growing range of hair care products as well as soaps. Colgate-Palmolive is also truly international, deriving more than 70% of its sales outside the US. Advertising Age/TNS estimated global measured advertising expenditure in 2003 of $621m, making Colgate the worlds #40 advertisers. Colgate-Palmolive is a leading global consumer products company, serving people in more than 200 countries and territories with consumer products that make lives healthier and more enjoyable. The Company focuses on strong global brands in its core businesses O ral Care, Personal Care, Household Surface Care, Fabric Care and Pet Nutrition. The Group operates in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia and Africa. History of Colgate Palmolive 1800 1850s The company began in 1806, when William Colgate, an English immigrant, set up a starch, soap and candle business on Dutch Street in New York City, USA. Frances Smith was made a partner in the following year and the firm became Smith and Colgate. William Colgate brought out his partner in 1813; the name was then changed to William Colgate and Company. In 1817 the first Colgate advertisement Soap, Mould and Dipt Candles appeared. A few years later, William Colgate and his brother-in-law, John Gilbert, built a starch factory in an area that today is Jersey City, New Jersey. The Dutch Street factory was moved there in 1847, though the business office remained on Dutch Street. Principal products at that time were Windsor Toilet Soaps and Pearl Starch. After more than fifty years in the starch, soap and candle business, William Colgate died in 1857. The company then became known as Colgate Company. 1860s 1910s In 1866, the company introduced perfumed soap and began the manufacture of perfumes and essences. Six years later Cashmere Bouquet, the first milled perfumed toilet soap, was registered as a trademark. Surprisingly, it wasnt until 1873 almost seventy years after the companys founding that Colgate Company produced its first toothpaste, an aromatic dental cream sold in jars. Then, in 1896, the company made toothpaste much more convenient to use by introducing the first collapsible toothpaste tube, one similar to those in use today. Meanwhile in Milwaukee, the B.J Johnson Soap Company, founded in 1864, was about to change its destiny. In 1898 the company introduced Palmolive Soap, a product that was so successful it prompted B.L. Johnson to change its name to the Palmolive Company 1916. By its 100th anniversary, Colgate Company was manufacturing dental care products, laundry soaps, 160 different kinds of toilet soap and 625 varieties of perfume. In 1906, the company launched a plant expansion at its Jersey City site, and a new 8-storey factory opened on the site in Jersey City. A few years later in 1910, the entire Colgate organization left the original buildings on Dutch and John Streets and moved to Jersey City. It was on the roof of one of Colgates factory buildings there that the first Colgate clock, its face measuring 37.5 feet in diameter and covering an area of 1104 square feet, was installed in 1908. The original Colgate clock, which became a fixture on the New Jersey waterfront, was moved to a new Colgate factory in Jeffersonville, Indiana in 1924 and was replaced with a new, bigger timepiece, which today is still one of the worlds largest single faced clocks. The new octagon-shaped clock measured 1963.5 square feet with a 25 foot, 10 inches long minute hand and a 20 foot long hour hand. 1920 1930 On the 7th January 1922, the Palmolive Company (of England) Ltd was incorporated, with the first directors meeting being held a month later when Bob Foster was appointed Chairman. In 1925 a new name was registered, The Palmolive Company Ltd. At this time most of the display cards for shop windows and point-of-sale inside chemists were produced in the USA and shipped over with the product. It was not until the 1930s that the UK company commissioned its own advertisements. In 1928 the Colgate Company merged with Palmolive-Peet Co. in the USA, and thus another name change followed in the UK, Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Ltd. It was in 1933 that an agreement was signed with the parent company in America to manufacture Colgate products in the UK, and production started in London from a factory in Ranelagh Road (on lease since 1929). With war clouds gathering over Europe, a wise decision was taken to establish a manufacturing base for Palmolive in England. In 1938 the soap makers G.W. Goodwins Sons were purchased and Palmolive was produced in the Ivy soapworks at Salford, near Manchester, from July 1939, just six weeks before the outbreak of war. 1940s 1960s After the war, things gradually returned to normal. In 1949 the Company decided to enter the detergent business with Fab a new detergent powder already on sale in the USA. Fab survived for a number of years but was eventually discontinued having succumbed to the pressure of heavy competition. Another brand brought over from the USA was a new type of foaming cleanser called Ajax. Launched also in 1949, Ajax proved popular and became brand leader in the mid 1950s. Colgate Chlorophyll was launched in 1952 at a time when the public were intrigued by anything chlorophyll. Palmolive soap drew attention to the fact that natures chlorophyll is in every tablet. In 1953 the name changed to Colgate-Palmolive Limited. By 1956 Colgates share of the US market had reached 23% (from 9% in 1947). New product launches in the 1950s included Lustre-Creme shampoo, Cue hair dressing, Kan-Kil aerosol insect killer, Rapid-shave aerosol lather (1954), Ajax liquid all purpose cleaner with ammonia-plus (promoted on TV as cleans like a white tornado) and Cadum toilet soap in 1955. In the UK in 1964, brand leader Colgate introduced Colgate fluoride, the toothpaste that helps stop bad breath and fights tooth decay. This was updated in 1970 with a new formula containing monofluorophosphate or MFP, and two years later this brand was combined with the standard Colgate to create Colgate MFP Fluoride. The other major launch was Ultrabrite in 1968; New Ultrabrite the extra-strength toothpaste for really white teeth. Youll love its new zingy flavour too. Noticeably there was no attempt at directly linking the Colgate name to Ultrabrite. It was in 1965 that one of the most memorable TV advertising campaigns began for Colgates Ring of Confidence. A continuous stream of TV commercials in the form of before and after mini stories showed the lasting benefits of using Colgate. Even today many remember the sound of the effective ping. 1970s 1990s 1976 saw the arrival of Soft Gentle aerosol, a new antiperspirant that did not sting, even after shaving. Its image evoked by its packaging, was feminine, kind and mild. Woodleigh Green, the shampoo and soap with a fresh, green apple fragrance was introduced in 1979. Under the worldwide Chairmanship of Reuben Mark, appointed to the position in 1984, Colgate-Palmolive sold many of its recently acquired companies and concentrated on building strength in its core businesses of oral care, body care, household surface care and Hills Pet Nutrition. Colgate was still Britains top selling toothpaste and throughout the eighties the company continued to develop its products, first with improved MFP fluoride, and then the introduction of Blue Minty Gel the first toothpaste to target 9 -14 year olds. In 1986 Colgate Junior was introduced and Colgate Tartar Control. In 1984 the new pump action toothpaste dispenser made its debut, and five years later another packaging improvement, the easy to use fliptop cap. Innovation and focus describe the companys activities in the nineties. Perhaps the most innovative development came in 1993 with the launch of Colgate Total toothpaste the most effective toothpaste available. This was just the start of new toothpaste introductions Colgate Platinum (1995) for that fashion model whiteness, Colgate Total Fresh Stripe (1995) and Triple Cool Stripe (1996) and Colgate Sensation Deep Clean (1997). Other new arrivals appeared in the Soft Gentle range with a Smooth Solid (a completely new format for anti-perspirants) and Lights, using the latest fragrance. Soft Gentle had always had fragrance as a key differentiator, and it is this aspect of the product that is constantly changing to keep up with current fine fragrance trends. Soft Gentle cream was launched in 2001. The roll on had aloe vera added in 2002, and there was also a packaging upgrade. Palmolive entered the growing market for shower gels with a range of irresistible products all designed to leave the skin smooth to the touch. 1999 saw the launch of Colgate Whitening and Colgate Superstar. Colgate Fresh Confidence was launched in 2000, and in 2001 Colgate Herbal and Colgate Total Plus Whitening arrived. Colgate-Palmolive Values Our three fundamental values-Caring, Global Teamwork and Continuous Improvement-are part of everything we do. They are the foundation for our business strategy and are reflected in every aspect of our work life. Caring The Company cares about people: Colgate people, customers, shareholders and business partners. Colgate is committed to act with compassion, integrity and honesty in all situations, to listen with respect to others and to value differences. The Company is also committed to protect the global environment and to enhance the communities where Colgate people live and work. Global Teamwork All Colgate people are part of a global team, committed to working together across countries and throughout the world. Only by sharing ideas, technologies and talents can the Company achieve and sustain profitable growth. Continuous Improvement Colgate is committed to getting better every day in all it does, as individuals and as teams. By better understanding consumers and customers expectations and continuously working to innovate and improve products, services and processes, Colgate will become the best. PRODUCT Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. It includes physical objects, services, goods or ideas. What is Colgate Herbal White toothpaste? Colgate Herbal White toothpaste combines Colgates expertise in oral care with some of natures finest ingredients. With its unique blend of herbs, Colgate Herbal White delivers a great brushing experience to help ensure first and foremost your good oral health. Plus, it whitens too. How does it work to whiten and strengthen teeth? Colgate Herbal White helps whiten teeth with gentle cleaning silica and calcium carbonate. It removes surface stains from food and drink. Colgate Herbal White also helps strengthen teeth with fluoride. What are the benefits of using Colgate Herbal White? Colgate Herbal Whites special blend of herbs gives it a unique flavor that leaves your mouth with a fresh feeling. In addition, the Colgate Herbal White formula contains fluoride to help prevent cavities while helping to strengthen teeth. What herbs are used and what do they do? Melissa herb: known for its soothing qualities Eucalyptus: noted for its energizing properties Lemon Extract: recognized for its fresh, aromatic flavor Natural Mint: enjoyed for its naturally refreshing taste What makes Colgate Herbal White different from other Colgate toothpastes? How does it compare with other whitening toothpastes? Colgate Herbal White is the only Colgate toothpaste in the market that contains natural herbs in its formula. Its unique combination of calcium carbonate and high cleaning silica delivers whitening and a fresh feeling in your mouth. Can children use Colgate Herbal White? Yes. As with any other toothpaste, children 2 to 6 years old should use a pea-sized amount and should brush under the supervision of an adult. For children under 2 years old please consult a dentist or physician. What happens if the cap is left open? Because Colgate Herbal White has a natural base of calcium carbonate, the toothpaste can lose some of its moisture and harden if the cap is left off for prolonged periods of time. To avoid this, always close the cap after brushing. What makes Colgate Herbal White different from other herbal toothpastes? We cant really comment on other companies products. We can tell you that Colgate Herbal White contains fluoride and the expert science of Colgate to help ensure first and foremost your good oral health. Product Life Cycle Launching a product leads to a life cycle through which passing of product is considered as natural.A product life cycle phenomenon can be viewed as Introductory stage Growth stage Maturity stage Decline stage Colgate Herbal Toothpaste is successfully passing through the introductory stage and entering into the growth stage. Colgate people develop the products after identifying the core consumer needs that the product will satisfy. They introduce the product after careful segmentation and identifying the target market. Since their target market as they know is going towards the natural products for the health of their teeth, so Colgate has introduced its Colgate Herbal which is a blend of natural herbs and modern scientific research. They continuously develop the product for their customer satisfaction. They have close eye on the market and whenever they find a gap in the market, they launch a product whenever they find a gap in the market. Colgate Business Strategy Colgates tightly defined leadership strategy focuses on four core global businesses: Oral Care, Personal Care, Home Care and Pet Nutrition. Around the world, Colgate people all work together to succeed in:  · Driving Growth  · Funding Growth  · Becoming the Best Place to Work Our long history of strong performance comes from absolute focus on our core global businesses, combined with a successful worldwide financial strategy. This financial strategy is designed to increase gross profit margin and reduce costs in order to fund growth initiatives and generate greater profitability. Target Market Colgate Pakistan considers the whole population of the country as its target marketHowever for different sorts of consumers it has developed different flavors and tastes in the tooth paste sector especially. Colgate Anti-cavity protection tooth paste is basically designed to remove the cavity on teeth and for fresh breath. Colgate Fresh Stripe Gel is for whitening teeth with fresh breath. Target market for its Herbal white is nature sensitive users. Users that want whitening of tooth paste through natural ingredients. It not only whitens your teeth but also gives you a feeling of fresh breath. Children of all ages can use it. Its Natural Herbs attracts all Nature Lover. PRICE The amount of money that one has to pay to buy the product is known as price. Price is the element in marketing mix that produces revenue while the other elements of marketing mix generate cost only. They company must set its price in relation to the value delivered and the value perceived by the customer. Being as a market leader in tooth paste industry Colgate sets its prices in view the product itself, target customer class and competitors product prices. Pricing Strategies Colgate has maintained the custom of launching the new product at low prices so that every customer can take a trial of the product. Colgate changes its prices to meet the competition but only at that time when the prices of competitors decrease because of national change in prices. Every customer has to pay the same amount to buy the products of Colgate Palmolive in Pakistan. It means the company is following uniform delivered pricing strategy for all its products. Before setting price Colgate considers the following  · Pricing objectives  · Importance of pricing for target customers  · Identifies the demand  · Estimated costs  · Competitors prices PLACE/DISTRIBUTION The process of making the product available to customers to right customers at right places. Colgate is using in direct second level of distribution to make its products available to final consumers Distribution channel always keep in touch with the target customer and competitors as well. They provide all the information ton the company which contains problems and competitors actions. The distributors have their own godowns in which they store the companys products. It is the responsibility of the retailer to provide the product to the retailer at his door step. PROMOTION Promotion is necessary to reach consumers with which Colgate interacts. Promotion is communication used to inform, persuade or remind. Personal selling, advertising, publicity and public relations are the four key elements of the promotion mix. Colgate is targeting the whole population of Pakistan through advertisement. Company also introduces different promotion schemes such as discounts and 2 in 1. Colgate gives high emphasis on direct approach to customers. Its sales team visit citites after cities where they involve in experiments of tooth whitening. They try to satisfy their customers at the spot. S.W.O.T. Analysis Strategic Planning and Thinking S.W.O.T. stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The SWOT analysis provides us with an analytical framework for studying a Companys position and strategy. Strengths and Weaknesses are internal factors of a Company. Opportunities and Threats are external factors. It allows you to analyze the different factors which affect the relative competitiveness of a Corporation. While SWOT is a useful tool to organize information, it is based on the subjective assessment of a situation. As such, as SWOT analysis is only as good as the information to goes into them. Strengths  · Companys presence in 200 countries is its biggest strength  · Strong Corporate image of Colgate Palmolive  · Strong Financial Position  · Worldwide research and excessive emphasize on technology.  · Strong social image of the Company  · Well-established and renowned distributors  · Highly enthusiastic sales team  · More concern towards quality improvement  · A blend of scientific research with natural herbs Weaknesses Only emphasize on urban market while suburban and rural areas are neglected to some extent. Colgate promotion budget is very less as compared to its competitors. Opportunities According to the information obtained by company marketing manager as well Chamber of commerce and Industry Karachi, and Pakistan Dental Association the market is growing rapidly. People are becoming more and more health conscious. Due to this growing market there are a lot of opportunities for Colgate to exploit this growing market by introducing new products. Due to shift from artificial components to natural things people are demanding products that are very natural. This trend is a good opportunity to capture this segment through efficient marketing practices. Threats Threat of the new entrance is also present. Unilever and Medicame is capturing market increasingly. Locally manufactured as well imported tooth pastes are also threat to Colgate in the competitive market. Market competition is also increasing day by day. Competitor Analysis Colgate Pakistan does not consider any brand as its close competitor in the market. Colgate is the only market leader in the oral care in Pakistan. P G is its world wide competitor but P G is not marketing its brand Crest tooth paste. However Unilever, Glaxosmithkline are having good contribution in the market. Especially Close up is rapidly expanding its product line. But still imported close up is having better share as compared to locally manufactured close up. English laboratories ( English tooth paste) and Roomi Entreprises with Sensodyne are also popular brands in tooth paste market. But Medicame and Synsodyne are categorized in the medicated tooth pastes. Colgate Herbal is uniqeue in its formula and not any other brand is offering Herbal tooth paste in the market. Manjans and tooth powder are losing their importance and mouth washes may increase their current low share. However awareness about the mouthwashes is also increasing but still the trend has not set. Colgate is still market leader in oral care in Pakistan. Its brand image and its diversified products touch it a universal market leader in the oral care and personal care. Conclusion While concluding all the discussion, we would like to tell proudly that Colgate is not only world leader in oral care in the world but also in Pakistan. Colgate has given variety in its products and it has introduced so many flavors and formulas in its tooth pastes. Its brands are world class in quality. Colgate people emphasize on three fundamental values-Caring, Global Teamwork and Continuous Improvement-are part of everything they do. These values are the foundation for Colgate business strategy and are reflected in every aspect of their work life. Colgate brands are very popular in our society. Colgate is focusing on quality and innovation in oral care sector. Colgate Herbal tooth paste is an innovative step towards a tooth paste industry and Colgate is pioneer to introduce a product that is a blend of Natural Herbals and Scientific research. Colgate will continue to improve its products through innovation and customer satisfaction.

A Room of Ones Own :: Classics, Feminism, Womans Right, Virginia Woolf

A Room of Ones Own Hundreds of years ago, an unconscious culture diseased the female population. Similar to Shakespeare's sister, women were conditioned to conform to a feminine ideology. This concept of femininity spread through out the country essentially defining the nature of a woman and robbing them of their innate sense of self. While women may have dreamed about the day when their creative spirit could be unleashed, those dreams were quickly interrupted by the powerful grasp of male dominance. By repressing women, the feminine role of dependency and obedience was maintained. In return, society's power structure became refueled and the patriarchy was perpetuated. Through time the power structure has broken down, however, I believe Shakespeare's sister continues to exist in many women, still in search of a "room of one's own". Virginia Woolf stressed the importance of having a room of one's own or a place to discover and explore the creative self. She encourages the young women to develop the habit of freedom and the courage to write exactly what they think. More than seventy years later, Woolf's words remain applicable. Women are still struggling to confront the courage and "†¦face the fact†¦that there is no arm to cling to†¦". For, while the societal barriers have disappeared, the mental barriers have not. Though few women are expected to be submissive and obedient, the ideology of the feminine role continues to starve women's souls. The pressure to get married and have children while pushing one's personal desires and passions aside persists. Thus, when a woman's soul is in a state of

The Future of Biopsychology-Obesity

NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: Consuela Kelly-Crisler THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Please Follow These Procedures: If requested by your mentor, use an assignment cover sheet as the first page of the word processor file. Use â€Å"headers† to indicate your course code, assignment number, and your name on each page of the assignment/homework including this assignment cover sheet. . Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy Of Your Assignments: You may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so.Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The knowing submission of another persons work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitte d or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. PSY5106Dr. Nicol Moreland BiopsychologyAssignment 8 Faculty Use Only The Future of Biopsychology- Obesity Consuela Kelly-CrislerNorthcentral University Biopsychology PSY5106 Dr. Nicol Moreland December 9, 2012 A person is considered obese when his or her weight is 20% or more above normal weight. The most common measure of obesity is the body mass index or BMI. A person is considered overweight if his or her BMI is between 25 and 29. 9; a person is considered obese if his or her BMI is over 30. â€Å"Morbid obesity† means that a person is either 50%-100% over normal weight, more than 100 pounds over normal weight, has a BMI of 40 or higher, or is sufficiently overweight to severely interfere with health or normal function (What is Obesity? 2012).Obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories than he or she burns. For many people this boils down to eating too much and exercising too little. But there are ot her factors that also play a role in obesity. People tend to gain weight as they get older, even if they don’t alter their eating habits. This is because the human metabolism slows down as we age. We don’t need to take in as many calories as we used to in order to maintain the same weight. Therefore, we store more of the food we take in as fat. Women tend to be overweight more often than men because men tend to burn calories at a higher rate (What is Obesity? 012). Obesity and thinness seems to have a have a nature versus nurture component. If a patient’s biological mother is heavy as an adult, there is approximately a 75% chance that she will be heavy. Likewise, the children of thin parents have a 75% chance of being thin (What is Obesity? 2012). This doesn’t mean that the child of obese parents has to be obese, though. Many find ways to keep the weight off. Genetics are important, but lifestyle choices such as eating and exercise habits are, too. Less a ctive people tend to require less calories than more active people; they don’t need as much fuel because they’re doing less work.Physical activity also causes the body to burn calories faster on average, and decreases appetite. People exercising less is thought to be a leading cause of obesity over the last 20 years. Psychological factors also influence eating habits and obesity. Many people eat in response to negative emotions such as boredom, sadness, or anger. People who have difficulty with weight management may be facing more emotional and psychological issues; about 30% of people who seek treatment for serious weight problems have difficulties with binge eating.During a binge-eating episode, people eat large amounts of food while feeling they can't control how much they are eating. (Obesity Facts, 2012) Obesity can be caused by illness, though people blame more cases of obesity on illness than is actually true. Illnesses sometimes responsible for obesity include hypothyroidism (poorly acting thyroid slows metabolism), depression, and some rare diseases of the brain that can lead to overeating. Social factors, including poverty and a lower level of education, have been linked to obesity.One reason for this may be that high-calorie processed foods cost less and are easier to find and prepare than healthier foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits. However, the link between low socioeconomic status and obesity has not been conclusively established, and recent obesity research shows that childhood obesity, for instance, is also increasing among high-income groups. The best methods of obesity treatment are dieting and physical exercise. Obese people should adjust their diet to reduce fat and sugar consumption, and increase dietary fiber.Anti-obesity drugs can also be effective in conjunction with a healthy diet, reducing one’s appetite and/or fat absorption. Some obese people require stomach or bowel reduction surgery in order to lose w eight. The smaller stomach allows them to consume less food and still feel full. Obesity is a leading worldwide cause of preventable death, and authorities view it as one of the most serious health problems of this century. While in some cultures, obesity is a sign of prosperity and childbearing, in the Western world, it is frequently viewed negatively.While whether to consider obesity as its own separate disease is a matter of some debate, it is certainly a factor in many physical and mental ailments. Obesity is associated with angina, myocardial infarction and between 21 and 34% of ischemic heart disease, depending on which research you read. Body-mass index levels associated with obesity also double a person’s risk of heart failure and deep-vein thrombosis and cause over 85% of cases of hypertension (five times the normal risk). Obesity is also associated with higher levels of LDL cholesterol and lower levels of HDL.Obesity also has a variety of dermatological affects, inc luding stretch marks, acanthosis nigricans, lymphedema, cellulitis, hirsutis and intertrigo (Bray, 2004). Obesity has also been shown to be linked with type 2 diabetes in 64% of cases in men and 77% of women’s. Sixty percent of patients diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome are obese, as are six percent of the infertile. Obesity is related to many complications in pregancy, including hemorrhage, infection, increased hospital stays for the mother and increased NICU requirements for the infant.Obese women are twice as likely to require a Cesarean section and are at a high risk of preterm births and low birth weight infants. Children born of obese women have a greater risk of anencephaly and spina bifida, cardiovascular anomalies, including septal anomalies, cleft lip and palate, anorectal malformation, limb reduction anomalies, and hydrocephaly (Haslam, 2005). Obese women have a nearly double risk of stroke compared to normal-weight women, while men have twice as great a c hance. Those who are obese have a rate of dementia 1. times greater than those of normal weight. Women obese at the age of eighteen have a greater than double chance of contracting multiple sclerosis. Obesity has also been shown to cause approximately five percent of cancers, including breast, ovarian, esophageal, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, gallbladder, stomach, endometrial, cervical, prostate, kidney, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma (Bray, 2004). In addition to these physical effects, obese people are less likely to get married and make thousands less than their normal-weight counterparts, on average.Depression is also linked to obesity, though an increase in BMI has been linked to a decrease in the risk of suicide. Several studies suggest that many physicians treat obese patients differently. In a 1969 survey of physicians, obese patients were described as â€Å"weak-willed,† â€Å"ugly,† â€Å"awkward,† and â€Å"self-indulgent. † In a more recent physician survey, one of three doctors said they respond negatively to obesity, behind three other diagnostic/social categories: drug addiction, alcoholism, and mental illness. A comparable study found that two-thirds of doctors believe obese patients lack self-control, and 39 percent feel they are lazy.Two studies of nurses showed similar results. These attitudes carry over into the work world, where a job or a promotion is often denied simply because of how much one weighs. Obesity research and treatment is a very provocative subject. A 2011 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association proposes that states consider removing obese children above the 99th percentile from their homes. The author views temporary foster care as part of the remedy for childhood obesity by providing an environment where the children would be exposed to proper nutrition and activity levels.During the separation period, the parents could also be educated on the best ways to assist their child in coping with their issue. Due to the relationship between obesity and low income (low income families can’t easily afford nutritious food, and low earners are often distracted from their family issues, whether by a second job, or by concerns like drug or alcohol abuse) and education (low income families usually aren’t as educated, which bleeds over into health issues like obesity) this solution seems severe but grounded in science.Detractors point out that the home environment is only one contributing factor to obesity, and that a child’s obesity isn’t automatically considered abuse under the law. They cite studies showing that children get more of their food away from home, limiting the influence of even educated and involved parents. Also, neither the potential effectiveness of the proposal in terms of reducing obesity or the potential harm to the family unit caused by the removal have been substantiated. Psychological damage could in fac t be inflicted, both to the parents and child, by causing them to feel at fault for the obesity.This could lead to self-esteem issues, depression and more. This is without even taking into consideration the harm done by taking a child away from his or her parents, even on a temporary basis. Another treatment, as novel as the last if not as heavy-handed, is the potential for virtual-reality treatment of obesity. Virtual reality, also being used to treat psychological disorders like anxiety and addiction, allows clinicians to offer exposure therapy in the comforts of their own offices without the problems sometimes posed by actual exposure.The benefit to the patient comes from being in a safe environment where they can let themselves connect emotionally with the treatment. Virtual reality has already been shown to induce a variety of controlled changes in the body, to include the sensation of a fake limb or an out of body experience. Researchers have even used virtual reality to give male subjects the feeling of being in a female body. From this point, it's only a small leap to giving an obese person the sensation of being in a a normal-weight body.In one experiment, scientists discovered the neural systems involved in VR improvement of body image. This, combined with an adaptation of therapy used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder, is being used the help patients identify and change habits contributing to eating disorders and obesity. The first twenty minutes of the VR sessions are used for the therapist to get an understanding of the patient's concerns and experiences related to food. The patient does most of the talking, while the therapist guides the session. The second twenty minutes are devoted to the actual VR session.The simulation can create a number of environments, like a classroom, apartment, or pub, to recreate some of the experiences the patient detailed to the therapist. The simulation also includes a body-image room, where the patient can cr eate an ideal VR body and compare it to their real one. The last twenty minutes are used to discuss the patient's VR experience. In terms of ethical considerations, the first needs to be how much the government, communities and families are obligated to ensuring obese people get the treatment they need.It is very easy to dismiss obese people as having â€Å"done it to themselves,† since many cases could simply be prevented by eating better and exercising more. Mental illnesses are, by and large, viewed differently by much of the public than physical ailments. A person who doubled in size due to a war injury that prevented them from exercising, for instance, would likely garner more sympathy than a person who simply doubled in size because they went to McDonald's four times a week. This, of course, influences the discussion on how much the government should be obligated to pay for medical care of the obese.Much like the arguments against smokers being covered by public assista nce against the effects of their bad habit, a case can be made for whether tax dollars should pay for an obese person's weight-reduction surgery or triple bypass. While the legitimacy of these concerns can probably never be agreed upon yet by the majority, the government's responsibility to educate people on preventative measures and healthy choices cannot be minimized, and the effects of those programs should not be overlooked.Some scientists acknowledge the responsibility of the obese for their conditions, but believe that it should only be a treatment focus if it did not harm the patient's mental health. Those scientists also take issue with the public opinion stigma against obese people, due to the additional burden it places on patients. In the Western world especially, obese people are often considered lazy, overeaters or both. It is not ethical to assume this is true in all cases, those researchers say, and not ethical to create policy or legislation based on those assumption s, either.Those assumptions can only be used positively in the shaping of preventative suggestions (anyone will benefit from more exercise and better eating, obese or not, so it's acceptable to suggest them to everyone). Another consideration is what obese patients themselves consider acceptable in terms of treatment. Studies sow that obese adults prefer interventions that are non-commercial, don't fall back on common stereotypes and promote lifestyle changes (health initiatives and exercise) rather than simple weight loss (dieting, bariatric surgery).Care should be taken to ensure that treatment of obese patients does not impact their mental health negatively, by reinforcing social stigmas, negative self-image, instilling disregard for the positive social and cultural aspects of eating, disregarding the patient's privacy and personal freedom in decision-making. One model, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics stewardship model of public health, recommends public programs that do not at tempt to coerce adults to lead healthy lives, minimize introduction of interventions with-out consent; and minimize interventions that are unduly intrusive and in con? ct with personal values. The stewardship model also incorporates an intervention ladder, ranging from ‘no intervention’ to ‘eliminating choice’ altogether. Eliminating choice, under this model, would be reserved for serious public health issues, such as an infectious patient requiring quarantine in order to ensure the safety of the general population—something obviously more serious than an obese patient. Restricting choice would take the form of removing unhealthy ingredients or foods from stores and restaurants (as in the recent limit on the size of fountain drinks in New York City).Guiding through disincentives or incentives is on another level of the spectrum, by making it not worth a person's effort to do something, or vice versa—higher medical insurance premiums for obese people who are doing it to themselves, for example. It is a model that clearly illustrates ways in which the government can support public health without becoming overbearing and infringing on people's rights. In summary, obesity is a major public health issue with far reaching consequences to a fair majority of the population. It is detrimental to those who suffer from it, both mentally and physically.Its physical effects are literally a head-to-toe list of increases risks of illness and injuries. Its mental effects include damage to patients' self-image, which can bleed over into how the patient deals with work, social situations, parenting and every other aspect of life. There are numerous factors involved in an obese person's condition; genetics, upbringing, cultural values and mores, living environment and socio-economics. Some people become obese due to pre-existing medical concerns, while others achieve the condition by eating the wrong things and not exercising enough.Once t hey do reach an obesity-qualifying body-mass index level, they can expect (in the Western world, at least), they can be expected to be held responsible for their condition no matter how it was reached, and to be treated differently simply because they're not at a normal weight. Treatments for obesity range from the tried-and-true to the newfangled and from therapeutic to overbearing, with varying degrees of efficacy. Some involve the government, while others simply a life coach, dietician or trainer. Opinions on how to handle obesity fall at varying points on a wide spectrum.The most logical source of information on how obese people should be treated—obese people themselves—tend to prefer an approach that helps them change their lives as a whole in order to lose weight and prevent harmful behaviors, rather than one that consists merely of a change in diet with no measures against become obese again at a later date. The ethical concerns in treating obesity include how t o best treat obesity without making the patient feel worse about their problem and how much responsibility should be borne by someone other than the obese person themselves (i. . , the government). Future treatments for obesity may very well take a more holistic approach rather than simply tackling the separate components of diet and exercise. Scientists have taken steps toward mapping the areas of the brain involved with impulse control and self-image, and developing ways of modifying behaviors using this information may prove useful in stemming the tide. Similar discoveries may fuel new ways of educating people on how to prevent obesity in the future as well, rather than only ways of reversing it after the fact.And of course, the more understanding we have of obesity and its causes, the more tolerant and accepting we should become as a whole towards people suffering from it. References What is Obesity? (2012) Retrieved December 7, 2012, from http://www. webmd. com/diet/what-is-obe sity Bray GA (2004). Medical consequences of obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Haslam DW, James WP (2005). Obesity. Lancet Childhood Obesity Prevention. (2012). In Root Cause. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from http://rootcause. org/childhood-obesity-preventionObesity Facts, Causes, Emotional Aspects and When to Seek Help. (2012). In WebMD. 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